For research use only. Not for human consumption, diagnostic or therapeutic use.

What a third-party certificate should contain

A summary sheet with a single purity figure is not a certificate. The minimum useful analytical package, and how to tell a real report from a template.

Karl Fischer titration, and what water content tells you about a lot

Residual moisture affects both stated mass and long-term stability. How the measurement is made and what a normal range looks like.

Why lyophilized material ships without dry ice

Freeze-dried powder is stable at ambient temperature for days. The cold pack in your carton is a margin against transit delays, not a requirement.

July 2026 lot releases and one rejection

Eleven lots released this month. One failed on residual solvent and was returned to the supplier. The full panel for each is now published.

Reading an HPLC chromatogram on a certificate of analysis

A lot can be 98% pure by HPLC and still contain substantially less peptide by mass. Water, counterion and residual solvent all sit in the gap.